![]() Furthermore, static and dynamic bone parameters and osteoclast precursor and T cell populations, as well as the expression of several inflammatory markers, were mostly unchanged following microbial colonization of GF mice. In spite of the successful colonization of GF mice with gut microbiota of either mouse or human origin, bone mass did not change significantly in any of the groups tested. GF mice displayed a high degree of colonization, as indicated by more than 90% of the operational taxonomic units present in the starting inoculum being successfully colonized in the mice when they were examined at the end of the experiment. To investigate the impact of different microbial communities on bone health in outbred and inbred mouse strains, gavage was performed on GF Swiss Webster and GF C57BL/6 mice to introduce distinct microbiotas that originated from either humans or mice. We therefore investigated the impact of multiple microbial communities in different mice to understand how generalizable the impact of bacterial colonization is on bone health. A previous study on the colonization of germ-free (GF) mice with a microbial community has demonstrated that bacterial colonization dramatically increases bone loss. The identification of novel regulators of bone health is critical for developing more effective therapeutics. Osteoporosis imparts a great burden on the health care system. What is new in Master PDF Editor for Mac OS Xįixed some issues in print preview dialogue.įixed some issues which occurred when resizing objects in proportional resize mode.įixed some issues which occurred when resizing vector images with Object Inspector.įixed proportional change of line height when resizing font.Īdded “Line Height” property to Object Inspector.įixed some issues with comments creation.įixed issues which occurred when creating bookmarks and using them to navigate in some files.Īdded SSL support for Windows version (was implemented earlier for Linux and Mac OS X).Annually, an estimated 2 million osteoporotic fractures occur in the United States alone.
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